Led anode cathode led11/3/2023 Zener Resistance (Rz): The resistance exhibited to the Zener diode.Voltage ranges from 2.4V to 200V and can go up to 1kV, while the maximum for the surface-mounted device is 47V. Zener/Breakdown Voltage (Vz): This is the minimum voltage that causes a portion of an insulator to experience a breakdown and become electrically conductive.Temperature Stability: Diodes around 5V have the best stability.Reverse Bias/Zener Effect: Voltage going across a diode in the opposite direction of forward bias, this particular voltage doesn't cause any detectable current to flow, changes AC to DC current, and manipulates other electronic signals.Power Rating: Denotes the maximum power the Zener diode can dissipate and is a product of the diode voltage/current flowing through it.Forward Bias: Voltage going across a diode that allows the current to flow easily in one direction.Current Iz (min): Minimum current value required for a diode to break down. Current Iz (max): Maximum current at the rated Zener Voltage (Vz – 200μA to 200A).Having a predictable voltage drop makes Zener diodes not only useful as voltage regulators, but a correctly set Zener diode may limit the voltage of other devices. For the current to flow across the diode, the current must maintain at least a minimum of this voltage. The current flowing backward is considered the Zener voltage or reversed biased due to its properties. The voltage that's forward bias in a Zener diode has a voltage drop of 1V needed for the diode to turn on for the current to flow. Think of a Zener diode like two diodes in parallel, facing opposite directions. They cancel each other out, making Zener diodes rated at around 5.5V and stable over a wide range of temperature requirements. Both temperature effects are almost equal to 5.5V. The Zener effect has an anode (negative) terminal temperature coefficient, while the avalanche has a cathode (positive) terminal temperature coefficient. These breakdowns both result in the same behavior, and they do not require different circuitry, but each does have a different temperature coefficient. The second is the avalanche breakdown or impact ionization which occurs in voltages above 5.5V. First is the Zener effect, prevalent in voltages below 5.5V and involves a tunneling effect to cause the breakdown. Knowing these two effects help with understanding their functionality. Current increases to a maximum decided by the series resistor and then stabilizes to remain constant over a range of applied voltages. As the reverse voltage increases to the arranged Vz, current flows throughout the diode. When connected in reverse bias, the current flows backward, thus causing a small leakage of current to flow. Therefore, Zener diodes are applicable for use as voltage regulators.Ī Zener diode operates within the normal range of forward bias, with a turn-on voltage between 0.3V and 0.7V. Current then increases to a maximum level determined by a series resistor and stabilizes, remaining constant over a range of applied voltages. A well-defined Vz can conduct current continuously in reverse bias without getting damaged. Zener diodes uniquely consist of a heavily doped P-N junction that allows current to flow in reverse when reaching Vz. Current going across the terminals in reverse bias (backward) is called the Zener effect. When voltage potential is met, this causes the Zener voltage (Vz)/breakdown voltage.
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